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Five Truths About the Hatch
By Brian McGeehan

Montana's famed salmonfly hatch ranks as highly as Bigfoot with the number of myths and legends that it spawns. This massive insect is impossible to ignore and is most likely the only arthropod that produces an addiction within the fly fishing community that is stronger than caffeine and nicotine combined. The salmonfly is a large stone fly (Pteronarcys californica) with an orange hued abdomen that inhabits heavy riffles of large freestone rivers in across the Western United States. The large insect spends 3 years living as a nymph in boulder strewn heavy riffles before crawling to the banks just after run off has ended in the early summer. Salmonflies are huge insects and adults can reach three inches in length. The hatch is very short lived on a given reach of water but the timing of the hatch is varies by river. Early hatches occur in late May and late hatches on colder rivers extends into early July. Although the hatch is found from New Mexico to Oregon, many of North America's famous "big bug" rivers including the Madison, Yellowstone, Gallatin, Big Hole, Rock Creek and Smith are in Montana. Due to the large number of salmonfly rivers in Southwest Montana, the Big Sky state is an ideal location to chase the large insects due to the fact that they are usually hatching somewhere during a 6 week period from mid May to early July. The widespread publicity that the hatch receives often generates unrealistic expectations for visiting fly fisherman. Our group of Montana fly fishing guides spends a significant amount of every early summer targeting the salmonlfly and have come to recognized a few "truth"s of the hatch.

Monstrous trout eat salmonflies on the surface
This is the truth that feeds every salmonlfy junkie's addiction. The largest trout in the river, the lunkers ranging from 23-30+ inches don't waste their time eating dainty little mayflies and caddis flies. Really large trout focus on big meals such as crayfish, sculpins and other trout. The tendency for big fish to want big meals makes it extremely difficult to catch them on a dry fly. The exception to this rule is during the salmonfly hatch. The huge size of these stoneflies and the substantial calories that each one provides is enough to entice gargantuan trout to the surface. I have personally had clients hook and land massive trout up to 26" in length on salmon fly dries. The thrill of watching the trout of a lifetime destroy a size 4 foam dry on the surface can be the tipping point that turns a perfectly normal individual into a mumbling obsessive Ahab ruined by his search for the next white whale.

Timing the hatch is notoriously unpredictable
Various guides to fishing the salmonfly hatch refer to the hatch progressing steadily up the river a few miles per day. A variety of factors influence that progression of the hatch including day length and water temperature. In general, salmonflies hatch when peak water temperatures are close 56 degrees F. The reality of the hatch is that it is always unpredictable. Some years the hatch begins on the lower portion of the river then slowly moves upstream over the course of a few weeks. On other years the salmonfly seems to explode up and down the river. To complicate matters, the intensity of the hatch varies greatly from one section to another (probably due to differences in river habitat). The result is a bit of an educated guessing game to determine where the bugs are each day. When fishing the "hatch" it is important to have as much information as possible about the location of the hatch and then develop a battle plan on where you want to target the hatch: the head, the center or behind.

Salmonflies fill trout up.
The ludicrous size of the "big bug" is both a blessing and a curse. The massive insect's size entices massive trout to eat them. Every princess has a wart and the same is true of the salmonfly. The same attribute of the large stonefly that gets fisherman so excited (its huge size) is the same feature that causes fishing guides across the West to pull their hair out in frustration. When salmonflies are easily accessible trout literally go on a feeding binge. The robust nature of the insect quickly fills their stomachs forcing fish off the feed. A hungry trout may only need to eat 40 or 50 salmonflies before they are stuffed. The same trout would need to eat hundreds or thousands of blue winged olives to become equally saturated. The end result is that the feeding window of trout during the hatch is compressed and anglers have fewer opportunities to catch a fish with their imitation before the fish quits eating. Generally, the least productive location to fish during the hatch is the center of the hatch where the big bugs are filling the air like military choppers. The few fish that you do catch in the center of the hatch have grossly extended bellies and are often regurgitating salmonflies.

The best time to fish the salmonfly hatch is 5-7 days after the peak of the hatch has passed.
Nymph fishing can be very good in advance of the hatch and dry fly fishing is occasionally good at the leading edge of the hatch but both strategies are inconsistent and unpredictable. Trout at the head of the hatch are often already filled up from gorging on nymphs by the time the adults start flying. Finding the leading edge of the hatch is also a challenge since the hatch moves so quickly and is variable in intensity along different stretches of water. Many guides, myself included, prefer to target the trailing edge of the hatch for the best dry fly fishing. Trout spend several days digesting their glutenous meals so I prefer to fish at least 4 days behind the hatch. The trout will remember the salmonfly for about 10 days after the hatch. During this window of opportunity, trout are once again hungry and are still looking for the big stoneflies. Since most of the insects have already hatched out there are very few naturals to compete resulting in a great opportunity to catch some very big trout on huge dry flies. The trailing end of the hatch is also much easier to locate since determining where the hatch has been is obviously easier than predicting where it will be next.
bugs-on-jpg

Truth #5 Sometimes avoiding the hatch is a great option
Don't get me wrong, I love chasing salmonflies, but sometimes intentionally avoiding the hatch is a great plan. During the salmonfly season there are always other rivers (or segments of rivers) where the hatch either is still a long way off, has already occurred, or doesn't come off at all. Fishing well in advance or well behind the salmonfly is often outstanding. The big bug often hatches immediately after runoff ends, but on some rivers like the Madison there is often 2 or three weeks of clear water fishing before the hatch arrives. During this pre-hatch window trout are hungry and opportunistic and there are few aquatic hatches to compete with. After the hatch has passed also produces great fishing. The salmonfly is the first in a progression of aquatic hatches that continues with golden stones, PMD's and caddis. For three or four weeks after the salmonfly has passed anglers can target several other hatches that often produce consistent match the hatch fishing. Since many fisherman are intentionally chasing the hatch on other rivers, anglers seeking less fishing pressure may enjoy bypassing the "boat hatch" that often accompanies the salmonfly.

Brian McGeehan spends several weeks a year chasing (and avoiding) salmonflies as a Montana fishing outfitter and owner of Montana Angler Fly Fishing.


Brian McGeehan
Owner and Outfitter
Montana Angler Fly Fishing
www.MontanaAngler.com

bus: 406-522-9854
cell: 406-570-0453

76 Lucille Lane
Bozeman, MT 59718

July, 2009

Long before I had a bucket list and two pack donkeys, I yearned to hike up the South Fork of the Flathead River. Years of guiding in western Montana during the summers provided me with great exposure to Montana's fabled waters, but the idea of fishing for pure strain westslope cutthroats in the heart of the Bob Marshall Complex nagged at me right into retirement. In 2008 my sons Darin and Brandon joined me for a quick excursion up the South Fork from the Meadow Creek Trailhead to an area below Damnation Creek. The scenery is spectacular from the towering mountains to the crystal clear river that courses 52 miles from Danahar Creek to where it empties into Hungry Horse Reservoir. It took us two days to reach an alluring spot along the river. We fished that night and the following day before packing up and heading down the trail for another two days of hiking. The fishing fulfilled my expectations and whet my appetite for an extended trip. That night, after I had pooped out after a full day of great fishing, my two sons regaled me with stories around the campfire about fishing into the evening and never catching a trout under twelve inches.

In 2009 my son Brandon joined me for an extended trip up the river for a full week of exploring and fishing. Joining us was my dog, Buddy, and my two pack donkeys, Harley and Lately. Set aside as a wilderness in honor of the famed forester Robert Marshall, the Bob Marshall Wilderness encompasses almost 4.5 million acres and over 3,000 miles of trail. Located south of Glacier National Park, many visitors hike or pack into the wilderness from numerous trailheads. Almost all visitors leaving the Meadow Creek Trailhead have a fly rod tucked into their pack or strapped to the back of a horse, donkey or mule. The trail rises far above the raging gorge water and opportunities to bushwhack off the trail to the water are few and far between.

FISHING

The first night's campsites are located on Bear Creek and the meadow section just around the corner from Bear Creek. From the trailhead to Bear Creek is approximately 10 miles. In 2008 my sons and I fished this section with disappointing results. This section gets hit hard, and I had been told that I would have to get up into the Black Bear Guard Station area to begin catching fat fish. In July of 2009 my son and I were tired, and we never wet a line at Black Bear Creek. On the second day of hiking in both years, we camped in the Little Salmon Park area and discovered excellent fishing for 12 to 16-inch cutthroats.

Although cutthroats can reach 20 inches in the South Fork, my largest measured fish for both years was 17.5 inches. Whitefish may also be caught, and the illusive bull trout, if caught, can provide memories for years to come. The most satisfying fishing experience is the opportunity to catch 14 to 16-inch trout on the surface with standard attractor patterns. When I went down and dirty, I caught a number of fat bodied fish out in the fast riffle water that we generally associate with rainbows. However, I caught my largest scarlet male in 10 inches of water in a shallow side channel above Independence Park.

Our goal was to camp and fish on the White River, a distance of 25 miles from the trailhead. When we got there, I was really disappointed. The last two or three miles of the meandering White River break up into shallow braided channels that hold only smaller fish. I just didn't have the energy to hike up the White River for 9 to 12-inch fish when I could camp and fish on the South Fork above and below the confluence with the White River. In fact, my son and I had good fishing in this area, although our wilderness experience was tempered somewhat with up to 50 floaters who congregated at the White River looking for campsites on their first day float. I suspect that in the near future, floaters will be restricted with limitations and drawings similar to the Smith River. Maybe it is sour grapes on my part that I cannot afford to hire outfitters to truck in my raft and equipment, but I was really shocked by the river traffic.

My son and I fished above the White River one evening in a very promising looking pool. Earlier in the day we had retreated when three rafts dropped off at least 15 anglers above us and below us. On our return that evening, we talked to a camper who had packed into the area with three mammoth donkeys. On our approach to skirt his camp, he came out and told me that an angler had just fished the immediate area, including the pool we were headed for just above his camp. When we reached the pool, we had it to ourselves. After each of us landed a couple of fish and my son growled about breaking off a big one, Brandon turned to me and asked if I had ever landed a fish that had an embedded fly stuck in its jaw from a previous angler. I told him that it had happened a couple of times in my life, the most memorable being an 18-inch brown that I landed in Wyoming with a huge Muddler still hanging below its jaw. Ten minutes later Brandon landed a big fish. Surprise! The fish had his broken off fly, it had a new Elk Hair Caddis, obviously from the angler who had fished the hole only an hour before our arrival, and it had the third fly, a new Royal Wulff that Brandon had just tied on. We had to conclude that that cutthroat was either extremely dumb or extremely hungry!

HIKING

Our shortest hike was probably about 6 miles, while our longest hike was saved for the last day when we hiked 15 miles to our truck and horse trailer at Meadow Creek Trail. At 28 Brandon is young and strong. At 65 I am both weak and vulnerable to foot blisters and pulled muscles, the latter of which was mostly avoided when Brandon urged me to do stretching exercises after long breaks. In the summer of 2008, we met many more hikers than we did in 2009. Many of the hikers were exhausted from packing too much weight. I remember in particular meeting four or five middle-aged hikers heading back to their vehicles. They had gone in when the water was high and the fishing slow. When we paused on the trail to converse with them, they could barely engage in more than a sentence. A few were literally too exhausted to stop and talk and stumbled on past us. Leading my pack donkeys with just a fanny pack around my waist, I knew that a pack on my back would do me in. The weather can be very fickle in the Bob Marshall changing dramatically in a short time period. In 2008 we suffered from high temperatures. Although the trail is considered moderate in elevation gain, long open exposures of burned out timber made for an exhausting day of hiking. In 2009 we had mild temperatures and each day we commented how much easier the hike had been compared to the previous year. I shudder when I think that Bob Marshall would take 35-mile hikes for his health and is reputed to have hiked 70 miles in one 24-hour period!

While camping near the White River, Brandon and I met two intrepid adventurers that covered the best of both worlds--hiking and floating. These two modern day explorers motto was "Less is better, but left behind is bad." On their first day into the wilderness their packs weighed 45 pounds. This included a 5 lb. Alpacka Raft (alpackaraft.com). The one fellow, who was eager to share with us his preparations for the trip, fired off the exact weight in pounds and ounces each time we asked him how much his tent or sleeping bag weighed. When I asked him if he purchased the commercial, freeze-dried trail meals, he said that he preferred bringing his own rice and noodles, along with spices and tea. He assured me that he never went hungry, although he did say he added protein with a few trout dinners. You can see these two men float past our campsite in the accompanying YouTube video. I am intrigued with the possibilities. Now, if I could just find someone to hike in with my two donkeys and drop me off.

I found that if I stayed a full day at a campsite before pushing up the trail, I recovered fully and had time to tender my feet. The absence of photographs of our campsites is due in part to the fact that I usually had items scattered around the panniers, but we left no trace of our presence and no photographic reminder of our disorganized campsites. On future trips I will have kit bags for similar items, such as cooking gear. This year the donkeys turned four so they could each pack 125 pounds. I brought everything but the kitchen sink. This included a leaky tent that needs to be replaced, a full-size air mattress, lots of donkey gear to secure them at night and lavish meals right out of a can. We had bacon and eggs and English muffins a few mornings and a steak and potato dinner the first night. We would have had hot dogs, but Brandon pre-cooked them one morning and set them aside to cool. They never had a chance to cool--Buddy ate the whole pack. While we were on the trail, we kept our lunches simple. We packed tuna fish in foil packets along with crackers, packets of mayonnaise and string cheese and trail mix. Often I would not have an appetite on the trail, and I would subsist on an apple, a small can of fruit cocktail, a handful of nuts and a few crackers with tuna. After a lifetime of catch-and-release, I could not bring myself to kill a fish so Brandon corrupted me with a juicy 12-inch trout wrapped in foil and baked in the coals. It was delicious despite my scruples.

PREPARATION

If you plan a trip, be sure to go prepared with rain gear and warm clothes at night. If you are going to buy a new tent, don't do what my son Brandon did. While shopping at Walmart for a new tent, the SALE sign caught his eye. Twenty bucks! Not bad he thought. In fact he joined me at the check out line bragging about his shopping triumph. Light weight and compact, the tent crushed his buying acumen when he discovered at the first campsite that the tent was a junior miss tent for one child under the age of 12. For a week he slept in a fetal position. If you are middle-aged or older, be sure to bring all your medications, including pain pills in case you suffer an injury. I kept a lot of band-aids and moleskin in my fanny pack along with a pocket knife, mosquito repellant, a bandana, map, an apple, some hard candy and a head-lamp. One night it rained hard and my extra change of clothes got soaked in my leaky tent. My other set of clothes were hanging outside completely wet from wading the previous evening. Fortunately, the next day was bright and sunny, but I learned a lesson to protect my clothes from rain and moisture. One thing that I know that I had that the back-packers didn't have was a bottle of whiskey and a bottle of Irish Cream. Here's looking at you Harley and Lately. Boys, next time I will bring more carrots.

Brandon, David and Darin Archer, 2008